Review
Review Intermediate content
Inputs and Outputs
General Purpose Input-Output (GPIO)
The 3B+ and 4 have a 40 pin GPIO.
A reference is built into the terminal by typing the command “pinout”. Other exist as a graphical representation of GPIO
Physical Hardware Computing
Breadboard
A breadboard allows for connections between electronic hardware. The structure of the board creates temporary circuits.
LED
Using Light Emitting Diodes ( LED’s )are a great way to visualise the interactions between programming and hardware. Since they are a diode, the current will only flow one direction. They also require a resister to reduce the current flow from the RPi GPIO.
Resistor
Resistors resist current flow. Ohms Law E=IR controls the relation between current and resistance. Series resistance is the sum total of individual resistance values in parallel.
Capacitor
Capacitors hold a charge. The help stabalize the voltage in the circuit. Some types of capacitors have a polarity which must be taken into account when used.
LED Breadboard Activity
Sensors
Light
Photoresistor‘s vary the resistance based on the amount of light. If placed in series with other resistors, the variable resistance value will add to the sum total.
LED Blinking Light + Photoresistor
If the blinking LED and the photoresistor circuits are added to the same breadboard, the current will flow through the path of least resistance.
from gpiozero import LED, Buzzer, LightSensor
from time import sleep
led = LED(27)
ldr = LightSensor(17)
while True:
a=ldr.value
led.on()
sleep(a)
led.off()
sleep(1)
print(a)
Connecting to the Raspberry Pi
There are several methods to connect with the Raspberry Pi.
Serial communication
Serial communication sends and receives data between devices. The USB ports are available for normal plug-and-play devices. The GIPO have specific pins for Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART).
SSH – Remote Login
Secure Shell (SSH) is a secure method to enable remotely logging into the Raspberry Pi.
Application Programming Interface – API
API’s are predefined programs that can be called for functions. The “led.*”, “blink” and “sleep” are examples.
How do look up information about an API
The gpiozero website has great documentation about the API’s we used from them.